Shrouding should start immediately after washing the body of the deceased. It is recommended to use white sheets from inexpensive material. Extravagance is not recommended in the Kafan (Shroud). All measurements may vary depending on the stature of the deceased. The material of the sheet should not have any stitching, not be silk, nor should any gold be used.

THE KAFAN OF A MALE

The Kafan of a male should consist of three white wrapping sheets, and 4 tie ropes Outer sheet - Lifafah Second sheet - Izaar Third sheet - Qamees (shirt) 3-4 ties  2 smaller sheets (satar) used cover the private parts (auwra) one before and the other after ghusl

STEPS OF SHROUDING

The wrapping sheets should be opened and spread out one on the top of the other.
Roll up the front half of the top sheet towards the head - Qamees (shirt).
The deceased, covered with a sheet (satar), is lifted and laid on his back on this top sheet (Qamees).
The Qamees is then unrolled over the front of the body and once the body is covered then remove the satar (covering sheet).
Some scent or perfume or sandal wood paste may be put on those parts of the body upon which one rests during prostration, that is the forehead, nose, hands, knees, and feet.
If it is possible the deceased’s left hand should be placed on his chest, then put his right hand on the left hand like the way in the Salat (Prayer).
The edge of the next sheet (Izaar) is then folded over the deceased right side, then the other edge over his left side.
Then the last sheet (Lifafah) should be folded the same way. These sheets should be fastened with a piece of cloth (tie ropes), one above the head, another under the feet, and two around the body This completes the shrouding for the male.

THE KAFAN OF A FEMALE

The Kafan of a female should consist of five white garments and 4 ties Outermost sheet - Lifafah Second sheet - Sinaband - to cover from under armpits to thighs Third sheet - Izaar Fourth layer - Qamees Last piece - Orni - to cover head and hair 3-4 ties  2 smaller sheets (satar) used cover the private parts one before and the other after ghusl

STEPS OF SHROUDING

All the sheets should be spread out in layers

Roll up the front half of the top sheet towards the head.

Qamees(shirt) The deceased, covered with a sheet (satar), is lifted and laid on her back on this top sheet (Qamees).

The Qamees is then unrolled over the front of the body and once the body is covered then remove the satar (covering sheet some scent or perfume may be put on those parts of the body upon which one rests during prostration, that is the forehead, nose, hands, knees, and feet. the sinaband (loin cloth) is bound round (acts like underwear). Put the head veil the deceased’s left hand should be placed on her chest, then put her right hand on the left hand like the way in the Salat (Prayer). the edge of the Izaar sheet is folded over the deceased right side, then the other edge over his left side. then the last (Lifafah) sheet should be folded the same way. these sheets should be fastened with a piece of cloth (tie ropes), one above the head, another under the feet, and two around the body.

A divine service is held over the dead body of every Muslim, young or old, even of infants who have lived only a few minutes. When the soul leaves the body, preparations are made for bidding him the last farewell.
It is highly recommended that, after washing and shrouding the body of the deceased, the body not to be kept long, but rather taken quickly, prayed for, and then buried.
Salatul Janazah is required to be performed in congregation to request pardon and pray for the deceased.
It is preferable that Salatul Janazah be performed outside the Mosque or the Musalla (Prayer room), like in the Mosque activity rooms or courtyards and may even be performed at the cemetery.
Salatul Janazah is a collective obligation. A Muslim should not hesitate to participate in it, whether or not the deceased or his relatives are known to him.
Salatul Janazah is said silently, except the Takbeer and Tassleem. All conditions for regular Salat are required in Salatul Janazah such as Tahara, Wudu, clean body and clothes, neeyah (intention), and facing the Qiblah.
There are specific times when it is prohibited to perform Salatul Janazah, unless it becomes necessary, due to the condition of the body, to perform it quickly and then bury the body.
These prohibited times are:
From sunrise until the sun is fully risen At the zenith of the sun (the sun at meridian), until it passes the meridian From when the sun pales before sunset until it has set.

STEPS OF SALATUL JANAZAH

Muslims should form a minimum of three lines facing the Qiblah. The one who leads the Salat is the leader or his deputy, or the deceased’s father.
If there is only one Muslim with the Imam, he should stand behind the Imam.
The body (ies) should be placed in front of the person who leads the prayer.
In case there are more than one deceased (males and females), then the female should be placed in the first row in the direction of the Qiblah, then the male in the following row, then the Imam.
For example : If there are : a dead Muslim male, a female, a young girl, and a young boy, then behind the Qiblah, first place the body of the young girl, then the adult female, then the young boy, then the adult male, so the bodies are arranged in a way that female bodies are first, then the males.
The Imam should stand by the middle of a female body, and by the head for a male body, this is due to the Hadith in which Anas related that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) leading Salatul Janazah for a dead male, the Prophet (PBUH) stood in front of the deceased head, and for a dead female, the Prophet (PBUH) stood in front of the middle of her body.( Authentic-Abu Dawood). In another Hadith Samura ben Jundub said when Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) made Salatul Janazah for a dead Muslim female, he stood in front of her waist (Muslim).
Behind the Imam, males stand in lines, then children, then females.
There are NO Rukuh, Sujud, Athan, or Iqama.
Having the appropriate neeyah (Intention), raise your hands in the usual manner:
Say "Allahu Akbar"
Fold your right hand over the left hand in the usual manner Recite the Thana silently (for Shafi'i mazhab - recite Surah Fateha)
Then say : "Allahu Akbar"
Then recite the Durood-e-Ibrahim
Then say: "Allahu Akbar"
Then make dua’ (Supplicate) for the deceased
Then say: "Allahu Akbar"
The Imam will then make salam

Islam has a unique style of building graves and cemeteries that is characterized by humility, simplicity and economy in costs and that avoids glorifying the dead with elaborate monuments.
It is of great importance that a special cemetery be devoted exclusively for the use of Muslims. Muslims may not be buried in the cemeteries of non-Muslims, nor can non-Muslims be buried in a Muslim cemetery.
The deceased should be buried in the locality in which he lived. It is undesirable to take the body to the person’s own country or to another city.
In Muslim cemeteries, there are at least two types of graves.
Al-Shaqq : is to make a deep vertical hole in the ground.
Al-Lahed : is to make a deep vertical hole in the ground, then in the bottom make a side horizontal hole big enough to cover the whole body.
Both types are used, but it is preferable to use Al-Lahed if the land is solid.
However there may be some variation in different countries depending on local soil type and local conditions.
The burial should be done as soon as possible after death, but the following times should be avoided: Late at night, from sunrise until the sun is fully risen, at the zenith of the sun (The sun at the meridian), until it passes the meridian, when the sun pales before sunset until it has set.
During these times burying is prohibited unless there is an urgent necessity, according to the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that was narrated by (Muslim).

STEPS OF BURIAL

It is important to observe workplace health and safety rules both for the family, friends and funeral directors. Family members entering the grave to lower the body in, are advised to use a step ladder to enter and exit the grave. Kindly note that carrying the janazah and lowering into the ground is an Islamic requirement. A grave is dug deep enough to totally hide the body of the deceased. The grave should be always be perpendicular (horizontal) to the direction of Qiblah. Only men are allowed to attend the burial. All Muslims who are present should remember death, the hereafter, and that one day he too will be buried. They should keep quiet (No talking unless it is necessary). The deceased’s male relatives are expected to put the body in the grave, putting the body in the grave should be carried out only by Muslim men. A female is placed in her grave either by her husband, her sons, her father, her brothers, or her uncle. The deceased’s body should be entered to the grave from the direction where his feet will be (From the rear of the grave). Those who enter the body of the deceased in the grave should say : (Bismilllah wa ala millati rasulil llah), which means: " In the name of Allah and in the faith of the Messenger of Allah". The deceased’s body should rest on his right side, and should be close to the wall and supported so that the body will not fall back, the deceased’s face should be towards the Qiblah. They should undo the tie on the head and the feet. They should put above the body a layer of wood or other, so that earth will not be put directly on the body when they fill the grave with earth. After the body is totally covered, it is desirable to throw three handfuls of soil into the grave. Then the grave should be filled up with sand . It is permissible to place a stone or some other to identify the grave. It is also Sunnah to make the grave convex from sand, according to the Hadith that was reported by Sofyan who said : " That I saw the grave of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is made convex " (Bukhari), convex out of sand. Just after the burial all Muslims, including the deceased’s relatives, may stay in the cemetery for a while and make dua (supplicate) for the deceased, since he is being questioned by the Angels. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in an authentic Hadith said : "Make dua’ of Istighfar (supplicate for forgiveness) for your brother and request steadfastness for him because he is now being questioned " (Authentic -Abu Dawood).